Keluaran 10:12

10:12 The Lord said to Moses, “Extend your hand over the land of Egypt for ¹  the locusts, that they may come up over the land of Egypt and eat everything that grows ²  in the ground, everything that the hail has left.”

Keluaran 12:16

12:16 On the first day there will be a holy convocation, ³  and on the seventh day there will be a holy convocation for you. You must do no work of any kind ⁴  on them, only what every person will eat – that alone may be prepared for you.

Keluaran 16:3

16:3 The Israelites said to them, “If only we had died ⁵  by the hand of the Lord in the land of Egypt, when we sat by ⁶  the pots of meat, when we ate bread to the full, ⁷  for you have brought us out into this desert to kill ⁸  this whole assembly with hunger!”

Keluaran 16:32

16:32 Moses said, “This is what ⁹  the Lord has commanded: ‘Fill an omer with it to be kept ¹⁰  for generations to come, ¹¹  so that they may see ¹²  the food I fed you in the desert when I brought you out from the land of Egypt.’”

Keluaran 34:28

34:28 So he was there with the Lord forty days and forty nights; ¹³  he did not eat bread, and he did not drink water. He wrote on the tablets the words of the covenant, the ten commandments. ¹⁴ 

[10:12]  ¹ tn The preposition בְּ (bet) is unexpected here. BDB 91 s.v. (the note at the end of the entry) says that in this case it can only be read as “with the locusts,” meaning that the locusts were thought to be implicit in Moses’ lifting up of his hand. However, BDB prefers to change the preposition to לְ (lamed).

[10:12]  ² tn The noun עֵשֶּׂב (’esev) normally would indicate cultivated grains, but in this context seems to indicate plants in general.

[12:16]  ³ sn This refers to an assembly of the people at the sanctuary for religious purposes. The word “convocation” implies that the people were called together, and Num 10:2 indicates they were called together by trumpets.

[12:16]  ⁴ tn Heb “all/every work will not be done.” The word refers primarily to the work of one’s occupation. B. Jacob (Exodus, 322) explains that since this comes prior to the fuller description of laws for Sabbaths and festivals, the passage simply restricts all work except for the preparation of food. Once the laws are added, this qualification is no longer needed. Gesenius translates this as “no manner of work shall be done” (GKC 478-79 §152.b).

[16:3]  ⁵ tn The text reads: מִי־יִתֵּן מוּתֵנוּ (mi-yitten mutenu, “who will give our dying”) meaning “If only we had died.” מוּתֵנוּ is the Qal infinitive construct with the suffix. This is one way that Hebrew expresses the optative with an infinitive construct. See R. J. Williams, Hebrew Syntax, 91-92, §547.

[16:3]  ⁶ tn The form is a Qal infinitive construct used in a temporal clause, and the verb “when we ate” has the same structure.

[16:3]  ⁷ sn That the complaint leading up to the manna is unjustified can be seen from the record itself. They left Egypt with flocks and herds and very much cattle, and about 45 days later they are complaining that they are without food. Moses reminded them later that they lacked nothing (Deut 3:7; for the whole sermon on this passage, see 8:1-20). Moreover, the complaint is absurd because the food of work gangs was far more meager than they recall. The complaint was really against Moses. They crave the eating of meat and of bread and so God will meet that need; he will send bread from heaven and quail as well.

[16:3]  ⁸ tn לְהָמִית (lÿhamit) is the Hiphil infinitive construct showing purpose. The people do not trust the intentions or the plan of their leaders and charge Moses with bringing everyone out to kill them.

[16:32]  ⁹ tn Heb “This is the thing that.”

[16:32]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “for keeping.”

[16:32]  ¹¹ tn Heb “according to your generations” (see Exod 12:14).

[16:32]  ¹² tn In this construction after the particle expressing purpose or result, the imperfect tense has the nuance of final imperfect, equal to a subjunctive in the classical languages.

[34:28]  ¹³ tn These too are adverbial in relation to the main clause, telling how long Moses was with Yahweh on the mountain.

[34:28]  ¹⁴ tn Heb “the ten words,” though “commandments” is traditional.